International Journal of Human Movement Science
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
Challenges to Motivate Student Attendance at Intercollegiate Athletic Events from Stakeholders’ Perspectives: A qualitative approachJong Geon Lim 8(2) 5-20, 2014
TitleChallenges to Motivate Student Attendance at Intercollegiate Athletic Events from Stakeholders’ Perspectives: A qualitative approach
Jong Geon Lim DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of administrators of athletic programs at a single university in Korea and measure their challenges to motivate student attendance at intercollegiate athletic events. The research design included in-depth interviews and the data was analyzed using Nvivo 10 software program. Interviews with six individuals who are engaged in athletics, which include an athletic director, an assistant director, a director of public relations, and three administrative assistants in the athletic department, were conducted. According to the interviews, the challenges which interviewees perceive to influence student attendance were weak public relations, small budget, lack of facilities, limited number of media sources, and imbalanced favor in athletics. Recommendations and suggestions based on the findings were presented later in the study. Key Wordsintercollegiate athletics, attendance, events, stakeholders |
The Roles of Product Category and Fit in Sponsorship EffectCindy Lee 8(2) 21-39, 2014
TitleThe Roles of Product Category and Fit in Sponsorship Effect
Cindy Lee DOI: AbstractThis study examined the influence of sponsors` product involvement on sponsorship effect in terms of consumers` attitude and purchase intention toward those products. Although product involvement has been considered as an influencing factor in advertising (Vaughn, 1980), it has not been considered as an influencing factor on sponsorship effect. To fill this gap, two studies were conducted: Study One was conducted with fictional brands as an experimental study to control external factors. Based on the result of the Study One, the concept of ‘fit’ between the event and its sponsors was included as a covariate in Study Two. The result of Study One and Study Two showed that sponsors` product category was an influencing factor on sponsorship effect, but not the level of product involvement. Discussion and implications were followed. Key Wordsproduct involvement, fit, identification, sponsorship effect |
The Relationships among Leisure Constraints, Leisure Activity Types, Happiness, and Life Satisfaction for Children in KoreaYoung Shim Kim 8(2) 41-51, 2014
TitleThe Relationships among Leisure Constraints, Leisure Activity Types, Happiness, and Life Satisfaction for Children in Korea
Young Shim Kim DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among participation in leisure activities, leisure constraints, happiness, and life satisfaction among children in Korea. Children enrolled in after school programs participated in this study. A total of 221 children in after school programs from 3 schools took part in the study. Results showed that children experienced intrapersonal constraints at the highest level among the constraint subcomponents. Findings also showed that happiness and life satisfaction is related to the perception of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints, implying that children`s perception of happiness and life satisfaction is affected by perceived constraints to leisure participation. It was noted that children with low life satisfaction and happiness demonstrated a significantly greater amount of constraints to leisure participation than respondents with higher life satisfaction. This study also suggests that physical activity engagement would be the most effective vehicle for increasing health benefits rather than other types of leisure activities. Key WordsLeisure Constraints, Happiness, Life Satisfaction, Children |
What Women Want?: A Comparative Study on Professional Soccer and Professional Baseball Female FansJun Sang Ahn , Joon Ho Kang 8(2) 53-67, 2014
TitleWhat Women Want?: A Comparative Study on Professional Soccer and Professional Baseball Female Fans
Jun Sang Ahn , Joon Ho Kang DOI: AbstractMany professional sport teams witness the increase in female fan attendance, and therefore, in order to retain and attract female fans, they implement marketing strategies geared toward the specific gender group. However, they do not seem to take the possibility that attendance factors affecting female fans` revisit intentions may vary across different sports into account. This neglect maybe caused due to treating female fans as a whole rather than as segmented subgroups based on different sports. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to investigate which service marketing mix(7P) factors affect professional soccer and baseball female fans` revisit intention (while controlling involvement), and 2) to compare the differences and/or similarities of attendance factors for two different sports. A comparative study on professional soccer and baseball female fans was undertaken to achieve aforementioned purposes. Using convenient sampling method, data was collected at a professional soccer and baseball matches through survey distribution. Collected data were analyzed using PASW 20 and AMOS 20. The results derived through multiple steps of data analysis displayed that for soccer fans, Process was the only statistically significant factor that affected fans` revisit intention, whereas for baseball, Product, Place, and Physical Evidence were significant factors. In terms of comparative study between the two sports, baseball fans deemed Product, Price, and Place more important than soccer fans. Key Wordsfemale fan, service marketing mix, 7P, professional soccer, professional baseball |
Ethnic Effects on Sport Spectator Motivation and Team IdentificationDong Yoo Han 8(2) 69-83, 2014
TitleEthnic Effects on Sport Spectator Motivation and Team Identification
Dong Yoo Han DOI: AbstractThe major purpose of this study was to evaluate the motivations of sport spectators from student groups of different ethnicities.African Americans, Indians, and Koreans.at a midwestern university. Another purpose of the current study was to compare the ethnocultural attributes of these student groups. Based on a related research study, this investigation examined whether spectating frequency, team identification, and spectator motivation differed across the three ethnic groups. The results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that significant differences in motivation (e.g., group affiliation and self-esteem) existed across ethnic groups; however, no differences were found in spectating frequency and team identification. In addition to the specific findings of this study, another issue discussed herein is ethnocultural strategies for sport marketers. Key WordsEthnicity, Sport Spectator Motivation, Team Identification |
The Level of Physical Fitness Is an Independent Indicator of Metabolic Disease in Female College StudentsByung Kon Yoon , Chul Hyeong Park , Yoon Suk Jekal 8(2) 85-95, 2014
TitleThe Level of Physical Fitness Is an Independent Indicator of Metabolic Disease in Female College Students
Byung Kon Yoon , Chul Hyeong Park , Yoon Suk Jekal DOI: AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to determine the association between the obesity and physical fitness level and the risk factors of metabolic disease among female college students. Among 30 college female students, physical fitness level (handgrip strength, sit-ups, sit and reach and step test), obesity level (body mass index, %body fat and waist circumference) and blood pressure were assessed and serum analysis was conducted. Participants who were obese by waist circumference-to-height ratio (WHtR) had significantly elevated blood pressure and higher level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Participants who were fit had significantly lower level of diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and total cholesterol. The level of obesity was negatively correlated with the level of physical fitness and positively correlated with blood pressure and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). After adjusting for obesity level, participants who were fit had significantly lower level of fasting glucose and total cholesterol. The current study suggests that regular physical activity participation is an important factor for the current health promotion among female college students Key Wordscollege female student, metabolic disease risk factor, obesity, physical fitness |